csf findings in bacterial and viral meningitis

#Csf findings in bacterial and viral meningitis skin#

He was given non-specific antibiotic and paracetamol and attributed the rash as drug eruption to the previous analgesic given. His initial complaint was headache, fever, and sense of fatigue he was given an analgesic-antipyretic with no satisfactory response over the next few hours, the parents noticed tiny red and violet spots on the face and lower limbs at that time, he was examined by an emergency physician who did not trust the relatives’ comment that their patient does not seem right because the GCS was 15/15. The condition started 2 days before admission when he began to feel unwell after coming back from school.

#Csf findings in bacterial and viral meningitis skin#

He was agitated and in acute confusional state the skin of his face, hands, and knees were violaceous to dark brown, and the rest of his limbs were hard and swollen (Figs. It is vital for emergency physicians to detect and treat this condition early to reduce mortality.Ī 15-year-old adolescent boy was brought to the emergency department of Embaba Fever Hospital (Giza, Egypt) by an ambulance. After treatment, she was sent for toe amputation and plastic skin reconstructive surgery. Herein, we present two cases of meningococcal meningitis in two Egyptian young patients the first case is an adolescent boy who presented with rapidly progressive fulminant meningococcemia with fatal outcome, and the second case is a young female child with meningococcal meningitis who survived with gangrenous skin vasculitis and gangrene of the left big toe. The cause of purpuric rash may be vascular damage, immune-mediated, platelet dysfunction, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is characterized by skin and mucous membrane petechial hemorrhages. It is considered a coagulopathy triggered by endotoxin from the bacteria, leading to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands. Waterhouse–Friedrichsen syndrome is one of the most dangerous complications of MM. Meningococcal disease occurs worldwide as an endemic infection, and it was found to be endemic in Egypt. Published by Elsevier B.V.Meningococcal meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges caused by Neisseria meningitidis. In children with bacterial meningitis, nontypical CSF findings and, in particular, normal CSF leukocyte count and increased protein level may indicate a worse prognosis.īacterial meningitis cerebrospinal fluid children prognosis.Ĭopyright © 2014. Patients with meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and hyponatremia were at a higher risk of mortality and the development of sequelae. In logistic regression analysis, a normal CSF leukocyte count and increased CSF protein level were related to poor outcomes. In CSF examinations, 16.2% of patients had normal white blood cell counts, 29.5% had normal glucose levels, 24.5% had normal protein levels, 10.2% had normal results in two items, and 8.6% had normal results in all three items. The correlations between the laboratory results and the outcomes were analyzed.Ī total of 175 children with confirmed bacterial meningitis were enrolled. The patients were divided into 'normal' and 'abnormal' groups for each laboratory result and in combination.

This study enrolled CSF culture-proven bacterial meningitis patients aged from 1 month to 18 years in a medical center. To better understand the correlation between CSF results and outcomes, we evaluated CSF data focusing on the patients with atypical findings. However, some patients do not have typical findings and are at a higher risk of being missed or having delayed treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count and biochemical examinations and cultures form the basis for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.